ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effects of acupuncture at "umbilical four-acupoints" on chronic insomnia and its comorbid symptoms.@*METHODS@#A total of 120 patients with chronic insomnia were randomly divided into an observation group (60 cases, 8 cases dropped off) and a control group (60 cases, 5 cases dropped off). The patients in the observation group were treated with acupuncture at regular acupoints (Baihui [GV 20] and bilateral Shenmen [HT 7], Neiguan [PC 6], Anmian [Extra]) and "umbilical four-acupoints", while the patients in the control group were treated with acupuncture at regular acupoints. Acupuncture was given once a day, 6 times a week, for a total of 3 weeks in the two groups. The Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), insomnia severity index (ISI) scores were observed before treatment, after treatment and in follow-up of one month after treatment completion; the Beck anxiety inventory (BAI), Beck depression inventory (BDI), fatigue severity scale (FSS), and Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) scores were observed before and after treatment; the sleep parameters of polysomnography (PSG), including sleep latency (SL), awake-up time (AT), sleep efficiency (SE) and total sleep time (TST), were observed before and after treatment using polysomnography monitor in the two groups.@*RESULTS@#Compared with those before treatment, the PSQI and ISI scores in both groups were reduced after treatment and in follow-up (P<0.05), and the PSQI and ISI scores in the observation group were lower than those in the control group after treatment and in follow-up (P<0.05). Compared with those before treatment, the BAI, BDI, FSS and ESS scores in both groups were reduced after treatment (P<0.05), and the BAI, BDI, FSS and ESS scores in the observation group were lower than those in the control group after treatment (P<0.05). Compared with those before treatment, the SL and AT in both groups were reduced after treatment (P<0.05), while SE and TST were increased after treatment (P<0.05); after treatment, the SL and AT in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05), while SE and TST in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#On the basis of regular acupoint selection, acupuncture at "umbilical four-acupoints" could improve sleep quality, alleviate the severity of insomnia, and improve the comorbid symptoms i.e. anxiety, depression, fatigue and lethargy in patients with chronic insomnia.
Subject(s)
Humans , Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders/therapy , Acupuncture Points , Acupuncture Therapy , Sleep , FatigueABSTRACT
The paper aims to establish the method to determine the monosaccharide composition and monosaccharide ratio in propylene glycol alginate sodium sulphate (PSS). Samples were hydrolyzed with trifluoroacetic acid, neutralized with sodium hydroxide solution after the reaction conditions for sample pretreatment were optimized via orthogonal analysis. A high performance anion exchange chromatograghy (HPAEC) coupled with pulsed amperometric detector (PAD) was performed on a CarboPac®PA20, using 200 mmol·L-1 sodium hydroxide solution and 1 mol·L-1 sodium acetate solution as mobile phase. The established HPAEC-PAD method was validated by testing the linear relationship, precision and accuracy, and showed exclusive, sensitive, rapid and wide use. The monosaccharide composition of PSS from different manufacture can be accurately determined with great significance for the structural identification of PSS.
ABSTRACT
Decompression and curettage can result are effective as treatments for large jaw cysts, which are common diseases in the clinic. Based on a treatment used in a previous study, this paper proposes a "three-step method" to treat large jaw cyst and repair the bone defect by decompression, curettage, and autologous dental bone powder implantation. This paper introduces the processes and key points of the operation involved in the abovementioned method.
Subject(s)
Humans , Bone Cements , Bone Cysts , General Surgery , Bone Transplantation , Curettage , Jaw CystsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Tongxiening Granules (, TXNG) in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with predominant diarrhea (IBS-D).@*METHODS@#A randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, and positive parallel controlled clinical trial was conducted from October 2014 to March 2016. Totally 342 patients from 13 clinical centers were enrolled and randomly assigned (at the ratio of 1:1) to a treatment group (171 cases) and a control group (171 cases) by a random coding table. The patients in the treatment group were administered orally with TXNG (5 g per time) combined with pinaverium bromide Tablet simulator (50 mg per time), 3 times per day. The patients in the control group were given TXNG simulator (5 g per time) combined with pinaverium bromide Tablets (50 mg per time), 3 times per day. The treatment course lasted for 6 weeks. The improvement of Irritable Bowel Syndrome Symptom Severity Score (IBS-SSS) was used to evaluate the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included adequate relief (AR) rate, Irritable Bowel Syndrome-Quality of Life Questionnaire (IBS-QOL), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), and the recurrence rate at follow-ups. Safety indices including the adverse events (AEs) and related laboratory tests were evaluated.@*RESULTS@#Primary outcome: IBS-SSS at baseline, weeks 2, 4, 6 showed no statistical significance in both full analysis set (FAS) and per protocol set (PPS, P>0.05). After 6 weeks of treatment, the total effective rate of IBS-SSS scores in the treatment group (147/171,86.0%) was higher than the control group (143/171, 83.6%) by FAS (P>0.05). In regard to secondary outcomes, after 6-week treatment, there was no significant difference in AR rate, total score of IBS-QOL, improvement of HAMD and HAMA total scores between the two groups (P>0.05). The recurrence rate at 8-week follow-up was 12.35% (10/18) in treatment group and 15.79% (12/76) in control group, respectively (P>0.05). A total of 21 AEs occurred in 15 cases, of which 11 occurred in 8 cases in the treatment group and 10 AEs in 7 cases in the control group. The incidence of AEs had no statistical significance between the two goups (P>0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Tongxiening Granules could relieve the symptoms of patients with IBS-D and the treatment effect was comparable to pinaverium bromide. (No. ChiCTR-IPR-15006415).
ABSTRACT
Objective:To discussed the clinical efficacy of addition and subtraction therapy of Shenling Baizhu San to antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) with spleen-stomach deficiency and cold syndrome, and to investigate its effects on immune function and intestinal flora. Method:One hundred and fifteen patients were randomly divided into control group (57 cases) and observation group (58 cases) by random number table. Patients in control group got Shuangqi Ganjun Sanlian Huojun San, 2 bags/time, 2 times/days. Mengtuoshi San, 1 bag/time, 3 times/days, and they also got measures to prevent disturbance of water, electrolyte, acid-base balance and nutritional support. Based on the treatment in control group, patients in observation group also got addition and subtraction therapy of Shenling Baizhu San, 1 dose/day. The course of treatment was 7 days in both groups. Before and after treatment, scores of symptoms, intestinal secretory immunoglobulin (SIgA) levels, peripheral blood immunoglobulin A (IgA), G (IgG), M (IgM) and T lymphocyte subsets (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+and CD4+/CD8+). Detection of bacillus faccalis in feces before and after treatment and the bacteria were cultured to identify and count bifidobacterium, lactobacillus and enterococcus. In addition, diamine oxidase (DAO) and D-lactic acid levels were detected before and after treatment. Result:In rank sum test, clinical efficacy in observation group was better than that in control group (Z=2.268, PPP+, CD4+and CD4+/CD8+were higher than those in control group (P+was lower than that in control group (PPPPD-lactic acid were significantly lower than those in control group (PConclusion:Based on conventional treatment, addition and subtraction therapy of Shenling Baizhu San can alleviate symptoms, improve clinical efficacy, improve immune function, regulate intestinal flora and promote the repair of intestinal mucosal barrier in the treatment of antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) with spleen-stomach deficiency and cold syndrome.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Chinese medicine (CM) decoction Chang'an I Recipe ( I ) in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D).</p><p><b>METHOD</b>A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was designed. Based on the order of inclusion, the IBS-D patients were randomly assigned to the treatment group or the placebo control group, administrated with Chang'an I Recipe or placebo, 150 mL/bag, 3 times daily, for 8 weeks. The primary indices of efficacy included the effective rates of IBS symptom severity score (IBS-SSS) and the differences in adequate relief (AR) responder; the secondary indexes of efficacy included the changes in scores of the IBS Quality of Life (IBS-QOL) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) scales. The safety indices included adverse events and related laboratory tests.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 216 patients were included, with 109 in the treatment group and 107 in the control group, and finally 206 were included in the full analysis set (FAS), 191 were included in the per protocol set (PPS). In FAS, the total effective rate was 67.6% and 40.2% for the treatment and control groups, respectively, with 95% confidence interval (CI) for difference in the effective rates between the two groups of 14.4%-40.2%; while in PPS, the total effective rate was 71.3% and 41.2% for the treatment and control groups, respectively (95% CI 16.6%-43.4%). The consistent conclusions of FAS and PPS showed a better efficacy in the treatment group. Both FAS and PPS showed higher AR responder in the treatment group (FAS: 59.6% vs. 35.5%; PPS: 62.8% vs. 38.1%). As for IBS-QOL, the total score and scores in various dimensions of IBS-QOL were not significantly different between the two groups (P>0.05). Both anxiety and depression scales of HAD were not significantly different between the two groups (P>0.05). No adverse events or laboratory abnormalities were found to be obviously related to the tested drugs or clinically significant.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Chang'an I Recipe was more effective than placebo in the treatment of IBS-D, with no obvious adverse reactions. (No.ChiCTR-TRC-09000328).</p>
ABSTRACT
Differences of protonated and lithiated leucine-enkephalin(LE) were investigated by hydrogen deuterium exchange-mass spectrometry(HDX-MS) combined with quantum chemistry calculation. The results revealed that the protonated ions possessed very high product yield with all hydrogen atoms being exchanged, while the reaction of lithiated LE stopped after exchanging five hydrogen atoms in the same experimental conditions. The different HDX behaviours probably indicated their conformational differences. To further clarify the experimental results, the most stable conformations of protonated and lithiated leucine-enkephalin were calculated by density functional theory. It was found that terminal amino group was the most thermodynamically stable protonation site,while Li+in coordination of four carbonyl oxygen atoms formed the most favourable lithiated LE. The reaction field reduction of lithium LE was probably due to the less acidity of hydrogen atoms and the increasing rigid conformation change induced by lithium ion.
ABSTRACT
Chinese medicine (CM) decoction placebo is one of the key factors restricting the placebo-controlled clinical trial of CM. In this article, based on the analysis of the diffificulties in preparing CM placebo, the production requirements for placebo were put forward. Moreover, in accordance with clinical practices, a production method and evaluation process of CM decoction placebo was proposed, to provide a reference for clinical research.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To record the electrical activities of Antirior cingulate cortex (ACC) neurons by in vivo multi-channel recording methods using the model of complete freund's adjuvant (CFA) induced conditioned place avoidance (C-CPA), which has been set up in our previous studies.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The electrode was self-made and the CPA responses were recorded by in vivo multi-channel recording method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) The electrical activities of ACC neurons could be successfully recorded by the self-made electrode. (2) Before or after the injection of CFA, rats were respectively conditioned to the different place. The firing rates of ACC neurons in the CFA-paired place vs that in the non-CFA-paired place was (0.853 ± 1.377) imp/s vs (0.221 ± 0.971) imp/s (P < 0.05, n = 26). (3) The CPA responses in the CFA-paired place vs that in the non-CFA-paired place were (303.55 ± 61.77)s vs (140.32 ± 33.52)s(P < 0.05, n = 6).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The firing rates of rACC (rostral Anterior Cingulate Cortex) neurons were involved in the occurrence of the affective pain.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Electrodes , Freund's Adjuvant , Gyrus Cinguli , Cell Biology , Neurons , Cell Biology , Pain , Diagnosis , Pain Measurement , Methods , Rats, Sprague-DawleyABSTRACT
The medicinal plant resource reserve refers to the natural resources of medicinal plants in a certain time and a certain region within the scope of the volume. In recent years, with the demand of medicinal plant resources surging and the change of the environment and human intervention factors, the medicinal plant resources reserve had accelerated pace of change. It is the prerequisite and basis for the development and utilization of medical plants that how to quickly and accurately attain reserve of some medicinal plants resources, the selection of suitable and accurate estimating method is reliable basis and can guarantee medicinal plant reserve survey, and also is one of the key reserve investigation of success. This paper systematically summarized the estimation method of medicinal plants in recent 30 years, and discussed the basic principle, the estimation model of development and evolution, advantages and disadvantages and applicability, and it aimed to improve the accuracy about reserves survey of medicinal plant resources, and provide scientific and reliable support data to medicinal plants resources for sustainable development and utilization of resources.
Subject(s)
China , Conservation of Natural Resources , Models, Statistical , Plants, MedicinalABSTRACT
Objective: To analyze and identify the chemical constituents from the water extract of Toosendan Fructus by UPLC-ESI- Q-TOF-MS. The analysis was performed on an ACQUITY HSS T3 reverse phase column (2.1 mm × 100 mm, 1.8 μm). The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid was used for gradient elution, the flow rate was 0.4 mL/min. Methods: Quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry was applied for the qualitative analysis under positive and negative ion modes and ESI ion source was used for mass spectra. Results: The results indicated that fifteen compounds from the water extract of Toosendan Fructus had been identified by direct comparison in both positive and negative ion mass data, the element compositions analysis, and the data of the literature. They are vanillic acid, lilac acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, rutin, meliatoosenin E, toosendanin, Δ5,6-isotoosendanin, isotoosendanin, meliatoosenin N, meliatoosenin P, 1-deacetylnimbolinin B, meliatoosenin R, 1-O-tigloyl-1-O-debenzoylohchinal, meliatoosenin R, and nimbolinin B. Conclusion: The efficient separation ability of UPLC and high sensitive detection of MS are used in this study, which will provide the evidences for evaluating the quality of Toosendan Fructus herbs, stabilizing the curative effect in clinic, and explaining the mechanism.
ABSTRACT
Mongolian folk medicine resource is the origin of Mongolian medicine development, even more important of which is the specialized Mongolian folk medicine resources with regional and high medicine quality, it processes distinctive national characteristics with irreplaceable important position in traditional Mongolian medicine. Nevertheless, due to the serious destroy of ecological environment and sharp increase of demands, etc. A lot of specialized Mongolian folk medicine resources were endangered, and there still existed some problems in the protection and exploitation and utilization. This paper intends to provide comprehensive insight into the species protection and exploitation and utilization states of specialized Mongolian folk medicine resources. The application and protection status and the existing problems were reviewed, and the development strategies of Mongolian folk medicine resource were analyzed.
Subject(s)
Conservation of Natural Resources , Methods , Environment , Medicine, Mongolian Traditional , Mongolia , Plants, Medicinal , ClassificationABSTRACT
The distribution information of Lomatogonium rotatum. was collected by interview investigation and field survey, and 55 related environmental factors were collected, the habitat suitability study was conducted based on geographic information system (GIS) and maximum entropy model. The AUCs of ROC curve were both above 0.99, indicating that the predictive results with the maximum model were highly precise. The results showed that 13 major environmental factors have obvious influence on ecology suitability distributions of L. rotatum, including month average temperature of February et al., the suitable distribution areas are mainly concentrated in the east-central of Inner Mongolia, including Hexigten banner, Duolun county, Zhenglan banner et al., The zoning results basically coincide with the genuine producing areas, and further afford new suitable distribution areas, which can provide reference for L. rotatum's wild nursery and the siting of introduction and cultivation.
Subject(s)
China , Ecosystem , Environment , Gentianaceae , Geographic Information Systems , Rain , TemperatureABSTRACT
The distribution information of Cistanche deserticola was collected by interview investigation and field survey, and 55 related environmental factors were collected, the habitat suitability study was conducted based on geographic information system (GIS) and Maximum entropy model. The AUCs of ROC curve were both above 0.9, indicating that the predictive results with the maxent model were highly precise. The results showed that 14 major environmental factors have obvious influence on ecology suitability distributions of C. deserticola, including vegetation type et al, the suitable distribution areas are mainly concentrated in the central of Alxa Youqi, the north of Alxa Zouqi and the south-east of Ejin Banner, including Tamusu towns, Alateng towns et al, The zoning results basically coincide with the genuine producing areas, and further afford new suitable distribution areas, which can provide reference for the siting of introduction and cultivation of C. deserticola.
Subject(s)
China , Cistanche , Ecosystem , Environment , Geographic Information Systems , Rain , Soil , Chemistry , TemperatureABSTRACT
Mongolian folk medicine, the important part of Mongolian medicine, is the main means, method and weapon of disease prevention, treatment and health care. Mongolian materia medicas are the important literatures of guiding the healthy development of the modern Mongolian medicine with a long and dazzling history. Since the founding of new China, a new history chapter of Mongolian folk medicine was opened under the attention and support from all levels of party and government. This paper intends to provide comprehensive insight into the rapid development of Mongolian folk medicine. The resources, phytochemistry, quality standard, pharmacology, dosage forms reform and production were reviewed to expound the process that Mongolian folk medicine was developed from traditional practices to scientific development
Subject(s)
Medicine, Mongolian Traditional , Reference Standards , ScienceABSTRACT
To explore the new method of discriminating Cistanche deserticola, Cynomorium songaricum and Orobanche pycnostachya by using PCR amplification of specific alleles. 30 samples of the different C. deserticola, 21 samples of C. songaricum and O. pycnostachya were collected. The total DNA of the samples were extracted, the ITS sequences from C. deserticola, C. songaricum and O. pycnostachya were amplified by PCR and sequenced unidirectionally. These sequences were aligned by using ClustulW. Specific primer was designed according to the ITS sequences of specific alleles, and PCR reaction system was optimized. Additionally, compare with the identification of specific PCR method and DNA sequence analysis method. The result showed that the 331 bp identification band for C. deserticola and the adulterants not amplified bands by a single PCR reaction, which showed good identification ability to the three species. PCR amplification of specific alleles can be used to identify C. deserticola, C. songaricum and O. pycnostachya successfully.
Subject(s)
Alleles , Cistanche , Classification , Genetics , DNA Primers , Genetics , DNA, Intergenic , Genetics , DNA, Plant , Genetics , Drug Contamination , Phylogeny , Polymerase Chain Reaction , MethodsABSTRACT
Traditional Mongolian medicine Digeda processes a significant importance in clinical therapy with notably actions of heat-clear and detoxication effects. This paper intends to provide comprehensive insight into the species textual research, chemical constituents, qualitative identification, pharmacology and clinical application of Mongolian medicine Digeda to provide valuable data for further studies and the development of clinical applications of these medicinal plants.
Subject(s)
Humans , Geography , Medicine, Mongolian Traditional , Methods , Pharmacology , Plants, MedicinalABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), a functional gastrointestinal disorder, is poorly understood. Treatment by Chinese medicine and pharmacy (CMP) is superior to treatment by Western medicine (WM). Therefore, we aimed to analyze Chinese medical experts' experiences in treating IBS by data mining.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>By retrieving related literatures from 1994 to 2012 from CNKI, we chose proved cases and screened effective medical records to establish a database using structural electronic medical case collecting system and data mining. The thinking ways of modern physicians in diagnosis and treatment of IBS were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Totally 116 medical cases from 46 Chinese medical experts were recruited and analyzed. Results showed that Gan depression and Pi deficiency were most basic syndrome elements. In addition, cold dampness, damp heat, yang deficiency, and Shen deficiency were main elements for the development of diarrhea predominant IBS (IBS-D). Qi stagnation, yin deficiency, qi deficiency, and blood stasis were main elements for the development of constipation predominant IBS (IBS-C). Soothing Gan-qi and strengthening Pi was the most important treatment method. White peony root, prepared atractylodes, prepared licorice, tangerine peel, poria, bupleurum, Radix sileris, lanceolata, and Radix aucklandiae were the most common Chinese herbs used in treating IBS.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>(1) Gan depression and Pi deficiency was the main pathogenesis for IBS. Diagnosis and treatment of IBS should be performed clinically according to its development. Tongxie Yao-fang should be used as the basic prescription with modification according to syndrome differentiation. (2) Data mining will have a wide application prospect in studying medical cases.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Data Mining , Irritable Bowel Syndrome , Diagnosis , Drug Therapy , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Methods , Phytotherapy , MethodsABSTRACT
Objective To study the risk factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) among greenhouse farmers in Liaoning province.Methods According to geographical differences in Liaoning province,stratified-cluster-random sampling method was used.A total of 5420 greenhouse farmers working in more than 800 greenhouses were investigated with unified questionnaire,physical examination,blood routine examination,blood gas analysis,chest X-ray and pulmonary function tests.Diagnosis of COPD was made according to the criteria for "chronic obstructive pulmonary disease of diagnosis and treatment guidelines" (2007 revision) by the Chinese Respiratory Disease Society.Results The total number of farmers under study was 5880,including 5420 respondants(92.18％) with effective data.Risk factors were found on age(x2＝32.530,P=0.000),time working in greenhouses every day ( x2 =21.311,P =0.000 ),frequency of ventilation ( x2 =9.791,P=0.007) and the location of the greenhouses(x2=73.645,P=0.000).When using SPSS 17.0 for the single factor logistic regression analysis,results indicated that smoking(OR＝1.976,95％CI:1.672-2.334),age ( OR =4.188,95 ％ CI:3.718-4.718 ),greenhouses for fungus ( compared with vegetables,OR=1.302,95％CI:1.016-1.669),flowers and plants (compared with vegetables greenhouses,OR=1.503,95％ CI:1.201-1.880) were the risk factors of COPD among greenhouse farmers while the protective factor was the years of working in the greenhouse (OR=0.684,95％ CI:0.609-0.767).Conclusion The overall morbidity of COPD among greenhouse farmers in Liaoning province was 17.47％ with various risk factors.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the options on treatment of distal radioulnar joint instability combined with distal radius fracture.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From June 2007 to December 2009, 264 patients with unstable distal radius fractures were treated with open reduction and internal fixation, in which 42 patients combined with distal radioulnar instability. Distal radioulnar joints of 20 patients were fixed with Kirschner wire or plaster cast at supinator position, and other distal radioulnar joints of 22 patients were not fixed. Range of motion of wrist joints and grip strength were observed; function of wrist were evaluated by modified Gartland-Werley scoring system (GW score); stability of distal radioulnar joints were tested at final follow-up.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Forty-one patients were followed up more than 1 year. All fractures obtained healing within 3 months after operation, and apposition of joints was good, no significant subluxation or dislocation were found. There were not statistical differences in grip strength, motion of joints and GW score between two groups (fixation and non-fixation). Only one patient occurred chronic distal radioulnar instability.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>There was no significant difference between fixation and non fixation for the treatment of distal radius fractures with distal radioulnar joint instability. For this reason, if fractures can be satisfactory reduced, there is no need for the one-stage distal radioulnar joint fixation.</p>